316 (UNS S31600)
USApproximate matchASTM · ASTM A240 / A276
The 316/316L family is the reference chromium-nickel-molybdenum austenitic stainless grade: the molybdenum addition (2 to 3%) gives it markedly better resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in the presence of chlorides than the 304 family. It's preferred for marine environments, salt-exposed food processing, pharmaceutical and chemical applications. The low-carbon 316L variant limits carbide precipitation during welding and is recommended for welded assemblies and environments requiring high resistance to intergranular corrosion.
| Grade | Region | Standard | Re (MPa) | Rm (MPa) | Delta |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 316 (UNS S31600) | US | ASTM A240 / A276 | 205 | ≥515 | reference |
| SUS316 | JP | JIS G4303:2012 | 205 | ≥515 | 0% |
| STS316 | KR | KS D 3698:2008 | 205 | ≥520 | 0% |
| 1.4401 (X5CrNiMo17-12-2) | EU | EN 10088-1:2014 | 200 | 500–700 | -2% |
| 1.4404 (X2CrNiMo17-12-2) | EU | EN 10088-1:2014 | 220 | 520–670 | +7% |
| Neighboring grades — different strength | |||||
| SUS316L | JP | JIS G4303:2012 | 175 | ≥480 | -15% |
| STS316L | KR | KS D 3698:2008 | 175 | ≥480 | -15% |
| 316L (UNS S31603) | US | ASTM A240 / A276 | 170 | ≥485 | -17% |
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 316 (UNS S31600) | ≤0.08 | ≤2 | ≤0.75 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16–18 | 10–14 | 2–3 | ≤0.1 |
| SUS316 | ≤0.08 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16–18 | 10–14 | 2–3 | — |
| STS316 | ≤0.08 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16–18 | 10–14 | 2–3 | — |
| 1.4401 (X5CrNiMo17-12-2) | ≤0.07 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16.5–18.5 | 10–13 | 2–2.5 | ≤0.1 |
| 1.4404 (X2CrNiMo17-12-2) | ≤0.03 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16.5–18.5 | 10–13 | 2–2.5 | ≤0.11 |
| SUS316L | ≤0.03 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16–18 | 12–15 | 2–3 | — |
| STS316L | ≤0.03 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16–18 | 12–15 | 2–3 | — |
| 316L (UNS S31603) | ≤0.03 | ≤2 | ≤0.75 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16–18 | 10–14 | 2–3 | ≤0.1 |
Note: The American reference CrNiMo grade; wider nickel range (10-14%) than EN 1.4401 (10-13%) and a slightly wider molybdenum range (2.0-3.0% vs. 2.0-2.5%).
Values compiled from public sources for guidance only — always verify against the official standard before use in design or fabrication.